Resource: Identifying a Population of Likely Incarcerated Older Adults in the American Community Survey

ARCH Network Resources

Resource: Identifying a Population of Likely Incarcerated Older Adults in the American Community Survey

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Abstract

Prevalence of Disability Among Older Adults in Prison

The number of older adults in long-term correctional facilities (prisons) has increased rapidly in recent years. The cognitive and functional status of this population is not well understood due to limitations in the availability of longitudinal data.

This paper by ARCH Network member, Katherine Miller, co-authors, Karen Shen, Yang Yang, Jennifer Wolff, and ARCH Network Co-Director, Brie Williams, examines the prevalence and disability status of the population of adults 55 years and older in prisons and adults living in community settings for a 14-year period (2008-2022). 

This repeated cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the American Community Survey to identify cohorts of community-dwelling adults 55 years or older and adults 55 years or older in prisons. Data were accrued from surveys from 2008 to 2022 and analyzed from August 25, 2023, to October 18, 2024.

Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that adults in prison are more likely to report disability than those in community settings, with the largest differences in cognitive difficulties. These differences persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The notable increase among older adults in prisons coupled with the high prevalences of disability has important implications for identifying care models and environmental policies to address the chronic and end-of-life care needs of this population, particularly within the context of constrained resources of health care in prisons.